Direct observation6/13/2023 ![]() ![]() In order to demonstrate such consequential validity, it is necessary to investigate the impact of the assessment, namely whether it is beneficial or harmful, intended or unintended. Data on the consequences of Mini-CEX and DOPS, namely support of trainees’ learning, would constitute an important source of their validity. ĭue to their feedback components, Mini-CEX and DOPS are increasingly used as methods of formative assessment, with the goal of shaping and supporting trainees’ learning. Thus, the concept of Mini-CEX and DOPS appears reasonable for assessing clinical competence and for individually supporting trainees’ development through the provision of feedback. Direct observation of trainees’ performance provides a convenient opportunity to give feedback on observed behavior. The opportunity for direct observation of trainees in their clinical workplace makes Mini-CEX and DOPS authentic measures of performance and clinical competence. īesides medical training, Mini-CEX and DOPS have also been introduced in other health professions, such as nursing, midwifery or dentistry. Here, the trainee is evaluated regarding his or her demonstrated understanding of indications, relevant anatomy, technique of procedure, obtaining informed consent, demonstrating appropriate preparation pre-procedure, technical ability, aseptic technique, seeking help where appropriate, post-procedure management, communication skills, consideration of patient/professionalism, and overall ability to perform the procedure. In the DOPS, the focus lies on procedural skills. In the Mini-CEX, the trainee is evaluated regarding history taking, physical examination skills, communication skills, clinical judgment, professionalism, organization/efficiency, and overall clinical care. Therefore, they play an important role in competency-based medical education. Another feature of workplace-based assessments is that they offer the opportunity to provide trainees with feedback on their performance. ![]() Thus, in contrast to many other assessments in medical education, these assessments do not occur in artificial settings, but take place as part of the daily work. ![]() Workplace-based assessments are assessments of trainees’ performance in the workplace. Mini-CEX and DOPS are two commonly used workplace-based assessments, which consist of a direct observation and a feedback conversation. Since the introduction of the Mini Clinical Evaluation Exercise (Mini-CEX) in 1995 and the Direct Observation of Procedural Skills (DOPS) in 2003, their use has spread rapidly around the world. įunding: The authors received no specific funding for this work.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: The data underlying this study have been uploaded to figshare and are accessible using the following link. Received: SeptemAccepted: Published: June 4, 2018Ĭopyright: © 2018 Lörwald et al. PLoS ONE 13(6):Įditor: Qinhong Zhang, Stanford University School of Medicine, UNITED STATES (2018) The educational impact of Mini-Clinical Evaluation Exercise (Mini-CEX) and Direct Observation of Procedural Skills (DOPS) and its association with implementation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Citation: Lörwald AC, Lahner F-M, Nouns ZM, Berendonk C, Norcini J, Greif R, et al. ![]()
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